PHP MySQL Prepared Statements

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PHP MySQL Prepared Statements are a security feature in PHP that allow you to execute SQL queries with user-supplied data in a safer and more efficient way. They help prevent SQL injection attacks by separating SQL code from user input. Here's how to use prepared statements with MySQL in PHP:

Establish a Database Connection:

First, establish a connection to your MySQL database using the mysqli extension or PDO.

Using mysqli:

php code

$mysqli = new mysqli("hostname", "username", "password", "database_name");

if ($mysqli->connect_error) {

    die("Connection failed: " . $mysqli->connect_error);

}

Using PDO:

php code

try {

    $pdo = new PDO("mysql:host=hostname;dbname=database_name", "username", "password");

    $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);

} catch (PDOException $e) {

    die("Connection failed: " . $e->getMessage());

}

Prepare the SQL Statement:

Create a SQL statement with placeholders for the data you want to insert or retrieve. Use the prepare method in mysqli or PDO to create a prepared statement.

Using mysqli:

php code

$sql = "INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2) VALUES (?, ?)";

$stmt = $mysqli->prepare($sql);

Using PDO:

php code

$sql = "INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2) VALUES (?, ?)";

$stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);

Bind Parameters:

Bind the actual values to the placeholders using the bind_param method in mysqli or by passing an array to execute in PDO.

Using mysqli:

php code

$value1 = "some_value";

$value2 = 123;

$stmt->bind_param("si", $value1, $value2); // "si" represents string and integer data types

Using PDO:

php code

$value1 = "some_value";

$value2 = 123;

$stmt->execute([$value1, $value2]);

Execute the Statement:

Execute the prepared statement to insert, update, or retrieve data.

Using mysqli:

php code

$stmt->execute();

Using PDO:

php code

$stmt->execute();

Fetch Results (if necessary):

If you are retrieving data, you can fetch the results using methods like fetch or fetchAll in PDO, or bind_result and fetch in mysqli.

Close the Statement and Connection:

Always close the statement and the database connection when you are done with them.

Using mysqli:

php code

$stmt->close();

$mysqli->close();

Using PDO:

php code

$stmt->closeCursor(); // Close the cursor (not always necessary)

$pdo = null; // Close the connection

Using prepared statements helps protect your application from SQL injection attacks because user inputs are automatically sanitized by the database system. Additionally, prepared statements can improve performance when executing the same query multiple times with different parameter values, as the query is parsed only once.

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