Encapsulation in PHP

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Encapsulation is one of the fundamental principles of object-oriented programming (OOP). It refers to the concept of bundling the data (variables) and the methods (functions) that operate on the data into a single unit known as a class. In PHP, encapsulation is achieved through the use of access modifiers and getter and setter methods.

Access Modifiers:

In PHP, there are three access modifiers:

Public: Public properties and methods can be accessed from anywhere, both within and outside the class.

php code

class MyClass {

    public $publicVar;

    public function publicMethod() {

        // code here

    }

}

Protected: Protected properties and methods can only be accessed within the class itself and by its subclasses.

php code

class MyClass {

    protected $protectedVar;

    protected function protectedMethod() {

        // code here

    }

}

Private: Private properties and methods can only be accessed within the class itself.

php code

class MyClass {

    private $privateVar;

    private function privateMethod() {

        // code here

    }

}

Getter and Setter Methods:

To encapsulate the class properties (variables), you can use getter and setter methods. Getter methods are used to retrieve the values of private or protected properties, and setter methods are used to set the values of these properties.

php code

class MyClass {

    private $privateVar;

    // Getter method

    public function getPrivateVar() {

        return $this->privateVar;

    }

    // Setter method

    public function setPrivateVar($value) {

        $this->privateVar = $value;

    }

}

Using encapsulation, you can control the access to the class properties, ensuring that they are accessed and modified only through the defined getter and setter methods. This helps in maintaining the integrity of the class and provides better control over the class properties.

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